:root{color-scheme:light;--font-latin:"Archivo", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;--font-arabic:"IBM Plex Sans Arabic", "Noto Kufi Arabic", "Segoe UI", sans-serif;--font-arabic-display:"Noto Kufi Arabic", "IBM Plex Sans Arabic", sans-serif;--font-statement:"Instrument Serif", "Times New Roman", serif;--fs-display-1:clamp(3.25rem, 8.5vw, 7.5rem);--fs-display-2:clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, 5.5rem);--fs-h1:clamp(2.125rem, 4.2vw, 3.75rem);--fs-h2:clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.75rem);--fs-h3:clamp(1.375rem, 2vw, 1.75rem);--fs-body-lg:clamp(1.125rem, 1.4vw, 1.375rem);--fs-body:1rem;--fs-sm:.875rem;--fs-xs:.75rem;--fs-label:.6875rem;--lh-display:.95;--lh-tight:1.1;--lh-snug:1.25;--lh-body:1.6;--lh-loose:1.85;--tracking-display:-.02em;--tracking-label:.08em;--tracking-normal:0;--space-1:.25rem;--space-2:.5rem;--space-3:.75rem;--space-4:1rem;--space-5:1.5rem;--space-6:2rem;--space-7:3rem;--space-8:4rem;--space-9:6rem;--space-10:8rem;--space-11:12rem;--space-12:16rem;--page-margin:clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 4rem);--max-width:90rem;--measure:62ch;--hairline:1px;--header-h:4.25rem;--header-h-sm:3.5rem;--header-z:50;--radius-none:0;--radius-xs:2px;--radius-sm:6px;--radius-pill:999px;--dur-instant:.12s;--dur-fast:.18s;--dur-base:.3s;--dur-slow:.6s;--dur-reveal:.9s;--ease-out:cubic-bezier(.22, 1, .36, 1);--ease-in-out:cubic-bezier(.4, 0, .2, 1);--ease-emph:cubic-bezier(.16, 1, .3, 1);--c-bg:#f3f0e9;--c-surface:#fbf9f4;--c-surface-2:#ebe7dd;--c-ink:#16130f;--c-ink-muted:#6b655c;--c-ink-faint:#948d82;--c-line:#ddd7cb;--c-line-strong:#c4bcac;--c-spot:#1d3fd1;--c-spot-hover:#16309e;--c-on-spot:#fff7f2;--c-focus:#1d3fd1;--c-overlay:#16130f8c;--c-scrim:#f3f0e9d1;--c-ink-ground:#0e0c0a;--c-ink-ground-text:#efeae0;--c-ink-ground-muted:#9a9287;--c-ink-ground-spot:#1d3fd1;--c-ink-ground-spot-hover:#3a5ceb;--c-ink-ground-on-spot:#fff7f2;--c-ink-ground-focus:#3a5ceb;--c-spot-ground-ink:#fff7f2;--c-spot-wet:#17339f;--fx-wet-ink:linear-gradient(135deg, var(--c-spot) 0%, var(--c-spot-wet) 100%);--fx-sheen:linear-gradient(105deg, #fff7f200 38%, #fff7f214 50%, #fff7f200 62%);--fx-noise:url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='120' height='120'><filter id='n'><feTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='.8' numOctaves='2' stitchTiles='stitch'/><feColorMatrix values='0 0 0 0 .251 0 0 0 0 .251 0 0 0 0 .306 0 0 0 .06 0'/></filter><rect width='120' height='120' filter='url(%23n)'/></svg>");--sb-thumb:var(--c-ink-muted);--sb-track:var(--c-bg);--sb-w:12px;--cursor-dot:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20width='20'%20height='20'%20viewBox='0%200%2020%2020'%3E%3Ccircle%20cx='10'%20cy='10'%20r='8'%20fill='%231D3FD1'%20fill-opacity='.8'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") 10 10, pointer}[data-theme=dark]{color-scheme:dark;--c-bg:#0e0c0a;--c-surface:#171512;--c-surface-2:#1f1c18;--c-ink:#efeae0;--c-ink-muted:#9a9287;--c-ink-faint:#6f6961;--c-line:#2a2620;--c-line-strong:#3d3830;--c-spot:#1d3fd1;--c-spot-hover:#3a5ceb;--c-on-spot:#fff7f2;--c-focus:#3a5ceb;--c-overlay:#0e0c0a9e;--c-scrim:#0e0c0acc;--c-spot-ground-ink:#fff7f2;--c-spot-wet:#17339f}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme]){color-scheme:dark;--c-bg:#0e0c0a;--c-surface:#171512;--c-surface-2:#1f1c18;--c-ink:#efeae0;--c-ink-muted:#9a9287;--c-ink-faint:#6f6961;--c-line:#2a2620;--c-line-strong:#3d3830;--c-spot:#1d3fd1;--c-spot-hover:#3a5ceb;--c-on-spot:#fff7f2;--c-focus:#3a5ceb;--c-overlay:#0e0c0a9e;--c-scrim:#0e0c0acc;--c-spot-ground-ink:#fff7f2;--c-spot-wet:#17339f}}*,:before,:after{box-sizing:border-box}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-behavior:smooth}body{background-color:var(--c-bg);min-height:100vh;color:var(--c-ink);font-family:var(--font-latin);font-size:var(--fs-body);line-height:var(--lh-body);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;text-rendering:optimizelegibility;font-variant-numeric:lining-nums tabular-nums;transition:background-color var(--dur-base) var(--ease-in-out), color var(--dur-base) var(--ease-in-out);margin:0;font-weight:400}:lang(ar),[lang=ar]{font-family:var(--font-arabic);font-size:1.06em;line-height:var(--lh-loose);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);font-variant-numeric:normal;text-align:start}:lang(ar) h1,:lang(ar) h2,:lang(ar) h3,[lang=ar] h1,[lang=ar] h2,[lang=ar] h3{font-family:var(--font-arabic-display);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);font-size:1.06em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.35}:lang(ar) .label,[lang=ar] .label,:lang(ar) [data-label],[lang=ar] [data-label]{text-transform:none;letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal)}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-weight:600;line-height:var(--lh-tight);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-display);text-wrap:balance;margin:0}:lang(ar) h1,:lang(ar) h2,:lang(ar) h3{letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal)}p,ul,ol,dl,figure,blockquote{margin:0}ul,ol{padding-inline:1.25em 0}small{font-size:var(--fs-sm)}strong,b{font-weight:600}a{color:inherit;text-decoration-color:var(--c-line-strong);text-underline-offset:.22em;transition:color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out), text-decoration-color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out);text-decoration-thickness:1px}a:hover{color:var(--c-spot);text-decoration-color:var(--c-spot)}img,picture,video,canvas,svg{max-width:100%;display:block}img,video{height:auto}input,button,textarea,select{font:inherit;color:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit}button{cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:none;padding:0}textarea{resize:vertical}::placeholder{color:var(--c-ink-faint);opacity:1}:focus{outline:none}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--c-focus);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:var(--radius-xs)}input:focus-visible,textarea:focus-visible,select:focus-visible{outline-offset:0}::selection{background-color:var(--c-ink);color:var(--c-bg)}@media not (forced-colors:active){@supports not selector(::-webkit-scrollbar){*{scrollbar-width:thin;scrollbar-color:var(--sb-thumb) var(--sb-track)}}@supports selector(::-webkit-scrollbar){::-webkit-scrollbar{width:var(--sb-w);height:var(--sb-w)}::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:0 0;border:none;border-radius:0}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background-color:var(--sb-thumb);background-clip:content-box;border-left:3px solid #0000;border-right:3px solid #0000;border-radius:0}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:var(--c-ink)}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:active{background-color:var(--c-spot)}::-webkit-scrollbar-corner{background:0 0}}}hr{border:0;border-top:var(--hairline) solid var(--c-line);margin-block:var(--space-6)}.text-start{text-align:start}.text-end{text-align:end}.stack>*+*{margin-block-start:var(--space-4)}.tnum{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums lining-nums}.visually-hidden{clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,:before,:after{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition-duration:.01ms!important;animation-duration:.01ms!important;animation-iteration-count:1!important}[data-reveal]{opacity:1!important;transform:none!important}}:root{--bar-h:var(--header-h)}@media (width<=48rem){:root{--bar-h:var(--header-h-sm)}}.mh{z-index:var(--header-z,50);mix-blend-mode:difference;--inv-fg:#fff;--inv-fg-muted:#ffffff9e;--inv-fill:#fff;--inv-on-fill:#000;--inv-spot:#d6b118;color:var(--inv-fg);background:0 0;position:sticky;inset-block-start:0;container-type:inline-size}.mh[data-ground=spot]{mix-blend-mode:normal;--inv-fg:var(--c-spot-ground-ink);--inv-fg-muted:#ffffffc7;--inv-fill:var(--c-spot-ground-ink);--inv-on-fill:var(--c-spot);--inv-spot:var(--inv-fg)}[data-theme=dark] .mh[data-ground=spot],:root:not([data-theme]) .mh[data-ground=spot]{--inv-fg-muted:#ffffffc7}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme]) .mh:not([data-ground=spot]){--inv-spot:#2b4bdb}}[data-theme=dark] .mh:not([data-ground=spot]){--inv-spot:#2b4bdb}.mh-inner{align-items:center;gap:var(--space-4);block-size:var(--bar-h);max-inline-size:var(--max-width);padding-inline:var(--page-margin);margin-inline:auto;display:flex}.mh-brand{color:var(--inv-fg);flex:none;align-items:center;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.mh-brand:hover{color:var(--inv-spot)}.mh-wordmark{letter-spacing:-.03em;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1.0625rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1}[lang=ar] .mh-wordmark,[dir=rtl] .mh-wordmark{font-family:var(--font-arabic-display);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);text-transform:none;font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.3}.mh-nav{flex:none}.mh-brand+.mh-nav{margin-inline-start:auto}.mh-nav ul{align-items:center;gap:var(--space-5);margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex}.mh-nav a{padding-block:var(--space-2);font-size:var(--fs-label);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-label);text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--inv-fg-muted);transition:color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;display:block;position:relative}.mh-nav a:after{content:"";inline-size:0;block-size:var(--hairline);background-color:var(--inv-fg);transition:inline-size var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-out);position:absolute;inset-block-end:calc(var(--space-2) - .15rem);inset-inline-start:0}.mh-nav a:hover,.mh-nav a:focus-visible,.mh-nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--inv-fg)}.mh-nav a:hover:after,.mh-nav a:focus-visible:after,.mh-nav a[aria-current=page]:after{inline-size:100%}[lang=ar] .mh-nav a,[dir=rtl] .mh-nav a{font-family:var(--font-arabic);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);text-transform:none;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:600}.mh-utils{align-items:center;gap:var(--space-3);flex:none;padding-inline-start:var(--space-4);display:inline-flex}.mh-lang{border-radius:var(--radius-pill);align-items:center;gap:2px;padding:2px;display:inline-flex}.mh-lang a{border-radius:var(--radius-pill);font-family:var(--font-latin);font-size:var(--fs-label);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-label);text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--inv-fg-muted);transition:background-color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out), color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out);padding:.3rem .55rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1;text-decoration:none;display:block}.mh-lang a:hover{color:var(--inv-fg)}.mh-lang a[aria-current=true]{background-color:var(--inv-fill);color:var(--inv-on-fill)}.mh-theme{block-size:2.125rem;inline-size:2.125rem;color:var(--inv-fg-muted);transition:color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out);border-radius:50%;place-items:center;display:inline-grid}.mh-theme:hover{color:var(--inv-fg)}.mh-theme svg{block-size:.9rem;inline-size:.9rem}.mh-burger{block-size:2.25rem;inline-size:2.25rem;color:var(--inv-fg);display:none;position:relative}.mh-burger span{block-size:1.5px;inline-size:1.125rem;transition:transform var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out);background-color:currentColor;margin-inline:auto;position:absolute;inset-block-start:calc(50% - .75px);inset-inline:0}.mh-burger span:first-child{transform:translateY(-3.5px)}.mh-burger span:last-child{transform:translateY(3.5px)}.mh-burger[aria-expanded=true] span:first-child{transform:translateY(0)rotate(45deg)}.mh-burger[aria-expanded=true] span:last-child{transform:translateY(0)rotate(-45deg)}.mh :focus-visible{outline-color:var(--inv-fg)}.mh-plate{z-index:calc(var(--header-z,50) + 1);block-size:var(--bar-h);pointer-events:none;--inv-fg:var(--c-ink);--inv-fg-muted:var(--c-ink-muted);--inv-fill:var(--c-ink);--inv-on-fill:var(--c-bg);margin-block-start:calc(-1 * var(--bar-h));position:sticky;inset-block-start:0}.mh-drawer{pointer-events:auto;max-block-size:calc(100dvh - var(--bar-h));overscroll-behavior:contain;background-color:var(--c-bg);padding-inline:var(--page-margin);padding-block:var(--space-2) var(--space-5);position:absolute;inset-block-start:100%;inset-inline:0;overflow-y:auto}.mh-drawer[hidden]{display:none}.mh-drawer.is-open{animation:mh-sheet-in var(--dur-base) var(--ease-out) both}@keyframes mh-sheet-in{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-.5rem)}to{opacity:1;transform:none}}.mh-drawer-list{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.mh-drawer-list li+li{border-block-start:var(--hairline) solid var(--c-line)}.mh-drawer-list a{padding-block:var(--space-4);color:var(--c-ink);letter-spacing:.02em;text-transform:uppercase;transition:color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out);align-items:baseline;font-size:clamp(1.375rem,7vw,1.75rem);font-weight:600;line-height:1.1;text-decoration:none;display:flex}.mh-drawer-list a:hover,.mh-drawer-list a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--c-spot)}[lang=ar] .mh-drawer-list a,[dir=rtl] .mh-drawer-list a{font-family:var(--font-arabic-display);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);text-transform:none;font-size:clamp(1.25rem,6vw,1.5rem);font-weight:700;line-height:1.4}.mh-drawer-utils{align-items:center;gap:var(--space-4);border-block-start:var(--hairline) solid var(--c-line);margin-block-start:var(--space-4);padding-block-start:var(--space-4);display:flex}.mh-drawer-foot{font-size:var(--fs-label);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-label);text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--c-ink-faint);margin-block-start:var(--space-5);font-weight:500}@container (width<=48rem){.mh-nav,.mh-lang,.mh-theme{display:none}.mh-burger{display:block}.mh-utils{gap:var(--space-2);margin-inline-start:auto;padding-inline-start:0}}.mh-plate{transition:background-color var(--dur-base) var(--ease-out)}.mh-plate[data-menu=open]{background-color:var(--c-bg)}.mh[data-menu=open]{z-index:calc(var(--header-z,50) + 2)}.mh-brand{gap:.4rem}.mh-logo{flex:none;block-size:1rem;inline-size:1rem}.mh-drawer-foot{align-items:center;gap:.55em;display:flex}.mh-logo--line{block-size:.8125rem;inline-size:.8125rem}:root{--cs-h1:clamp(2.125rem, 6.4cqi, 4.5rem);--cs-lede:clamp(1.0625rem, 1.7cqi, var(--fs-body-lg));--cs-say:clamp(1.1875rem, 2.1cqi, 1.625rem);--cs-close:clamp(1.375rem, 3cqi, 2.25rem);--cs-body:clamp(1rem, 1.25cqi, 1.125rem);--cs-cap:clamp(.9375rem, 1.15cqi, 1rem);--cs-next-h:clamp(1.5rem, 3.4cqi, 2.5rem)}.cs{max-inline-size:var(--max-width);padding-block:calc(var(--bar-h) + var(--space-8)) var(--space-9);padding-inline:var(--page-margin);background-color:var(--c-bg);color:var(--c-ink);margin-block-start:calc(-1 * var(--bar-h));margin-inline:auto;display:block;container-type:inline-size}.cs>*+*{margin-block-start:var(--space-8)}.cs-label{font-size:var(--fs-label);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-label);text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--c-ink-muted);align-items:center;gap:.6em;font-weight:600;line-height:1.4;display:flex}.cs-label-mark{background-color:var(--c-spot);flex:none;block-size:.4375rem;inline-size:.4375rem}[dir=rtl] .cs-label,[lang=ar] .cs-label{font-family:var(--font-arabic);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);text-transform:none;font-size:.75rem}.cs-intro{column-gap:var(--space-6);row-gap:var(--space-5);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));display:grid}.cs-head{grid-column:1/span 8}.cs-h1{font-size:var(--cs-h1);font-weight:600;line-height:var(--lh-tight);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-display)}.cs-lede{max-inline-size:44ch;font-size:var(--cs-lede);color:var(--c-ink-muted);margin-block-start:var(--space-3);line-height:1.5}[dir=rtl] .cs-h1,[lang=ar] .cs-h1{font-family:var(--font-arabic-display);font-size:calc(var(--cs-h1) * 1.06);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);font-weight:700;line-height:1.3}[dir=rtl] .cs-lede,[lang=ar] .cs-lede{font-size:calc(var(--cs-lede) * 1.06);line-height:var(--lh-loose)}.cs-meta{gap:var(--space-4) var(--space-7);flex-wrap:wrap;grid-column:1/-1;margin-block-start:var(--space-2);padding-block-start:var(--space-4);display:flex;position:relative}.cs-meta:before{content:"";inline-size:100%;block-size:var(--hairline);background-color:var(--c-line);position:absolute;inset-block-start:0;inset-inline-start:0}.cs-meta-i{flex-direction:column;gap:.35em;display:flex}.cs-meta dt{font-size:var(--fs-label);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-label);text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--c-ink-muted);font-weight:600;line-height:1.2}.cs-meta dd{max-inline-size:34ch;font-size:var(--fs-sm);color:var(--c-ink);font-variant-numeric:lining-nums tabular-nums;margin:0;line-height:1.45}[dir=rtl] .cs-meta dt,[lang=ar] .cs-meta dt{font-family:var(--font-arabic);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);text-transform:none;font-size:.75rem}[dir=rtl] .cs-meta dd,[lang=ar] .cs-meta dd{font-family:var(--font-arabic);font-size:calc(var(--fs-sm) * 1.06);line-height:1.6}.cs-prose{column-gap:var(--space-6);row-gap:var(--space-4);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));display:grid}.cs-prose--challenge>*{grid-column:4/span 6}.cs-prose--approach>*{grid-column:1/span 6}.cs-say{max-inline-size:34ch;font-size:var(--cs-say);letter-spacing:-.01em;color:var(--c-ink);font-weight:400;line-height:1.45}.cs-body{max-inline-size:60ch;font-size:var(--cs-body);color:var(--c-ink);line-height:1.6}[dir=rtl] .cs-say,[lang=ar] .cs-say{font-size:calc(var(--cs-say) * 1.06);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);line-height:1.75}[dir=rtl] .cs-body,[lang=ar] .cs-body{font-size:calc(var(--cs-body) * 1.06);line-height:var(--lh-loose)}.cs-fig{column-gap:var(--space-6);row-gap:var(--space-4);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));align-items:start;display:grid}.cs-plate{inline-size:100%;aspect-ratio:var(--ratio,3 / 2);background-color:var(--c-surface-2);--cs-clip:inset(0 50% 0 50%);grid-column:1/-1;max-block-size:46rem;display:block;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.cs-plate img{object-fit:cover;object-position:center;block-size:100%;inline-size:100%;position:absolute;inset:0}[dir=ltr] .cs-plate[data-open=end]{--cs-clip:inset(0 0 0 100%)}[dir=ltr] .cs-plate[data-open=start],[dir=rtl] .cs-plate[data-open=end]{--cs-clip:inset(0 100% 0 0)}[dir=rtl] .cs-plate[data-open=start]{--cs-clip:inset(0 0 0 100%)}.cs-r-3-2{--ratio:3 / 2}.cs-r-16-10{--ratio:16 / 10}.cs-r-1-1{--ratio:1 / 1}.cs-r-4-5{--ratio:4 / 5}.cs-fig--bleed{margin-inline:calc(-1 * var(--page-margin))}.cs-fig--bleed .cs-cap{margin-inline:var(--page-margin)}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){[data-sheet-flex] .cs-fig--bleed .cs-plate{transform:skewY(var(--sheet-shear,0deg))}}.cs-plate--a{grid-column:1/span 7}.cs-plate--b{grid-column:8/span 5}.cs-fig--split .cs-plate{grid-column:1/span 5}.cs-fig--split .cs-cap{grid-column:7/span 4;align-self:end;margin-block-start:0}.cs-fig--trio{column-gap:var(--space-4)}.cs-fig--trio .cs-plate--a{grid-column:1/span 4}.cs-fig--trio .cs-plate--b{grid-column:5/span 4}.cs-fig--trio .cs-plate--c{grid-column:9/span 4}.cs-cap{grid-column:1/span 5;max-inline-size:36ch;margin-block-start:var(--space-3);padding-block-start:var(--space-3);position:relative}.cs-cap:before{content:"";inline-size:100%;block-size:var(--hairline);background-color:var(--c-line);position:absolute;inset-block-start:0;inset-inline-start:0}.cs-cap-k{font-size:var(--fs-label);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-label);text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--c-ink);font-weight:600;line-height:1.3;display:block}.cs-cap-t{font-size:var(--cs-cap);color:var(--c-ink-muted);margin-block-start:.45em;line-height:1.55;display:block}[dir=rtl] .cs-cap-k,[lang=ar] .cs-cap-k{font-family:var(--font-arabic);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);text-transform:none;font-size:.75rem}[dir=rtl] .cs-cap-t,[lang=ar] .cs-cap-t{font-family:var(--font-arabic);font-size:calc(var(--cs-cap) * 1.06);line-height:1.75}.cs-close{max-inline-size:30ch;font-size:var(--cs-close);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-display);color:var(--c-ink);font-weight:600;line-height:1.25}[dir=rtl] .cs-close,[lang=ar] .cs-close{font-family:var(--font-arabic-display);font-size:calc(var(--cs-close) * 1.06);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);line-height:1.5}.cs-result>*+*{margin-block-start:var(--space-6)}.cs-next{margin-inline:calc(-1 * var(--page-margin));padding-inline:var(--page-margin);padding-block:var(--space-5) var(--space-8);background-color:var(--c-surface);position:relative}.cs-next:before{content:"";inline-size:100%;block-size:var(--hairline);background-color:var(--c-line);position:absolute;inset-block-start:0;inset-inline-start:0}.cs-next:after{content:"";inline-size:3rem;block-size:var(--hairline);background-color:var(--c-spot);position:absolute;inset-block-start:0;inset-inline-start:0}.cs-next-h{font-size:var(--cs-next-h);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-display);color:var(--c-ink);margin-block-start:var(--space-3);font-weight:600;line-height:1.2}[dir=rtl] .cs-next-h,[lang=ar] .cs-next-h{font-family:var(--font-arabic-display);font-size:calc(var(--cs-next-h) * 1.06);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);line-height:1.5}.cs-next-grid{gap:var(--space-6);grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));align-items:start;margin-block-start:var(--space-5);display:grid}.cs-card-link{color:inherit;text-decoration:none;display:block}@media (hover:hover) and (pointer:fine){.cs-card-link{cursor:var(--cursor-dot)}}.cs-card-fig{flex-direction:column;margin:0;display:flex}.cs-card-media{inline-size:100%;aspect-ratio:var(--ratio,3 / 2);background-color:var(--c-surface-2);max-block-size:26rem;display:block;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.cs-card-media img{object-fit:cover;object-position:center;block-size:100%;inline-size:100%;transition:transform .7s var(--ease-emph);position:absolute;inset:0}.cs-card-cap{flex-direction:column;gap:.1em;margin-block-start:var(--space-3);padding-block-start:var(--space-3);display:flex;position:relative}.cs-card-cap:before{content:"";inline-size:100%;block-size:var(--hairline);background-color:var(--c-line);position:absolute;inset-block-start:0;inset-inline-start:0}.cs-card-cap:after{content:"";inline-size:0;block-size:var(--hairline);background-color:var(--c-spot);transition:inline-size var(--dur-slow) var(--ease-emph);position:absolute;inset-block-start:0;inset-inline-start:0}.cs-card-row{justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:var(--space-4);display:flex}.cs-card-name{font-size:var(--fs-sm);font-weight:600;line-height:var(--lh-snug);color:var(--c-ink)}.cs-card-meta{font-size:var(--fs-label);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-label);text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--c-ink-muted);font-variant-numeric:lining-nums tabular-nums;transition:color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out);font-weight:600}.cs-card-arrow{block-size:.8125em;inline-size:.8125em;color:var(--c-spot);opacity:0;transform:translateX(var(--cs-arrow-hide,-.4em));transition:opacity var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-out) 60ms, transform var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-out) 60ms;flex:none}[dir=rtl] .cs-card-arrow,[lang=ar] .cs-card-arrow{--cs-arrow-hide:.4em}.cs-card-link:is(:hover,:focus-visible,.is-hover,.is-focus) .cs-card-media img{transform:scale(1.02)}.cs-card-link:is(:hover,:focus-visible,.is-hover,.is-focus) .cs-card-cap:after{inline-size:100%}.cs-card-link:is(:hover,:focus-visible,.is-hover,.is-focus) .cs-card-meta{color:var(--c-ink)}.cs-card-link:is(:hover,:focus-visible,.is-hover,.is-focus) .cs-card-arrow{opacity:1;transform:translate(0)}.cs-card-link.is-focus{outline:2px solid var(--c-focus);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:var(--radius-xs)}[dir=rtl] .cs-card-name,[lang=ar] .cs-card-name{font-family:var(--font-arabic);font-size:calc(var(--fs-sm) * 1.06);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);line-height:1.55}[dir=rtl] .cs-card-meta,[lang=ar] .cs-card-meta{font-family:var(--font-arabic);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);text-transform:none;font-size:.75rem}.cs-ask{justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:var(--space-4) var(--space-6);flex-wrap:wrap;display:flex}.cs-ask-txt{max-inline-size:52ch}.cs-ask-line{font-size:var(--cs-lede);color:var(--c-ink);margin-block-start:var(--space-3);line-height:1.5}[dir=rtl] .cs-ask-line,[lang=ar] .cs-ask-line{font-size:calc(var(--cs-lede) * 1.06);line-height:var(--lh-loose)}.cs-ask-link{font-size:var(--fs-sm);color:var(--c-ink);text-decoration-color:var(--c-line-strong);align-items:center;gap:.5em;font-weight:600;display:inline-flex}.cs-ask-link:hover,.cs-ask-link:focus-visible{color:var(--c-ink);text-decoration-color:var(--c-spot)}.cs-ask-arrow{block-size:.8125em;inline-size:.8125em;color:var(--c-spot);transform:translateX(var(--cs-arrow-hide,-.25em));transition:transform var(--dur-base) var(--ease-out);flex:none}[dir=rtl] .cs-ask-arrow,[lang=ar] .cs-ask-arrow{--cs-arrow-hide:.25em}.cs-ask-link:hover .cs-ask-arrow,.cs-ask-link:focus-visible .cs-ask-arrow{transform:translate(0)}.cs-fig--hero{margin-block-start:var(--space-6)}.cs-fig--l{margin-block-start:var(--space-9)}.cs-result{margin-block-start:var(--space-10)}.cs-next{margin-block-start:var(--space-11)}.cs-ask{margin-block-start:var(--space-9)}@container (width<=56rem){.cs-intro,.cs-prose,.cs-fig{column-gap:var(--space-4)}.cs-head,.cs-prose>*,.cs-plate--a,.cs-plate--b,.cs-fig--split .cs-plate,.cs-fig--split .cs-cap{grid-column:1/-1}.cs-fig--split .cs-cap{align-self:auto;margin-block-start:var(--space-3)}.cs-cap{grid-column:1/span 8}.cs-prose--approach>*,.cs-prose--challenge>*{grid-column:1/-1}.cs{padding-block:calc(var(--bar-h) + var(--space-6)) var(--space-8)}.cs>*+*{margin-block-start:var(--space-6)}.cs-result{margin-block-start:var(--space-8)}.cs-next{padding-block:var(--space-5) var(--space-7);margin-block-start:var(--space-8)}.cs-ask,.cs-fig--l{margin-block-start:var(--space-7)}}@container (width<=42rem){.cs-fig--trio .cs-plate--a,.cs-fig--trio .cs-plate--b,.cs-fig--trio .cs-plate--c{grid-column:1/-1}.cs-next-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.cs-meta{gap:var(--space-4) var(--space-5)}}@keyframes cs-open{0%{clip-path:var(--cs-clip,inset(0 50% 0 50%))}to{clip-path:inset(0)}}@keyframes cs-land{0%{transform:scale(1.06)}to{transform:scale(1)}}@keyframes cs-settle{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(1.5rem)scale(1.035)}}@keyframes cs-rise{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(.875rem)}}@keyframes cs-draw{0%{inline-size:0}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.cs-anim .cs-fig:not(.is-in) .cs-plate{clip-path:var(--cs-clip,inset(0 50% 0 50%))}.cs-anim .cs-fig:not(.is-in) .cs-plate img{transform:scale(1.06)}.cs-anim .cs-fig:not(.is-in) .cs-cap,.cs-anim .cs-rise:not(.is-in),.cs-anim .cs-card:not(.is-in) .cs-card-media,.cs-anim .cs-card:not(.is-in) .cs-card-cap{opacity:0}.cs-anim .cs-fig:not(.is-in) .cs-cap:before,.cs-anim .cs-card:not(.is-in) .cs-card-cap:before,.cs-anim .cs-meta:not(.is-in):before,.cs-anim .cs-next:not(.is-in):before,.cs-anim .cs-next:not(.is-in):after{inline-size:0}.cs-anim .cs-fig.is-in .cs-plate{animation:cs-open .7s var(--ease-emph) var(--d,0s) both}.cs-anim .cs-fig.is-in .cs-plate img{animation:cs-land 1.1s var(--ease-emph) var(--d,0s) both}.cs-anim .cs-fig.is-in .cs-cap{animation:cs-rise .5s var(--ease-out) calc(var(--d,0s) + .14s) both}.cs-anim .cs-fig.is-in .cs-cap:before{animation:cs-draw .6s var(--ease-out) calc(var(--d,0s) + .26s) both}.cs-anim .cs-rise.is-in{animation:cs-rise .5s var(--ease-out) var(--d,0s) both}.cs-anim .cs-meta.is-in:before,.cs-anim .cs-next.is-in:before,.cs-anim .cs-next.is-in:after{animation:cs-draw .6s var(--ease-out) calc(var(--d,0s) + .26s) both}.cs-anim .cs-card.is-in .cs-card-media{animation:cs-settle .7s var(--ease-emph) var(--d,0s) both}.cs-anim .cs-card.is-in .cs-card-cap{animation:cs-rise .5s var(--ease-out) calc(var(--d,0s) + .14s) both}.cs-anim .cs-card.is-in .cs-card-cap:before{animation:cs-draw .6s var(--ease-out) calc(var(--d,0s) + .26s) both}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.cs-anim .cs-plate,.cs-anim .cs-plate img,.cs-anim .cs-cap,.cs-anim .cs-rise,.cs-anim .cs-card .cs-card-media,.cs-anim .cs-card .cs-card-cap{opacity:1!important;clip-path:none!important;animation:none!important;transform:none!important}.cs-anim .cs-cap:before,.cs-anim .cs-card-cap:before,.cs-anim .cs-meta:before,.cs-anim .cs-next:before{inline-size:100%!important;animation:none!important}.cs-anim .cs-next:after{inline-size:3rem!important;animation:none!important}.cs-card-link:is(:hover,:focus-visible,.is-hover,.is-focus) .cs-card-media img{transform:none}.cs-card-media img,.cs-card-cap:after,.cs-card-arrow,.cs-ask-arrow,.cs-ask-link{transition-duration:var(--dur-instant);transition-delay:0s}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.cs-rm .cs-plate,.cs-rm .cs-plate img,.cs-rm .cs-cap,.cs-rm .cs-rise,.cs-rm .cs-card .cs-card-media,.cs-rm .cs-card .cs-card-cap{opacity:1!important;clip-path:none!important;animation:none!important;transform:none!important}.cs-rm .cs-cap:before,.cs-rm .cs-card-cap:before,.cs-rm .cs-next:before{inline-size:100%!important;animation:none!important}.cs-rm .cs-next:after{inline-size:3rem!important;animation:none!important}.cs-rm .cs-card-link:is(:hover,:focus-visible,.is-hover,.is-focus) .cs-card-media img{transition:none;transform:none}.cs-rm .cs-card-cap:after,.cs-rm .cs-card-arrow{transition-duration:var(--dur-instant);transition-delay:0s}}.ft{background-color:var(--c-bg);color:var(--c-ink);container-type:inline-size}.ft-inner{max-inline-size:var(--max-width);padding-block:clamp(2.75rem,7cqi,5rem) clamp(2.25rem,5cqi,3.5rem);padding-inline:var(--page-margin);margin-inline:auto}.ft-top{justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-start;gap:var(--space-5) var(--space-6);flex-wrap:wrap;display:flex}.ft-id{flex:0 auto;min-inline-size:0}.ft-wordmark{font-family:var(--font-latin);letter-spacing:-.03em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--c-ink);transform-origin:0 100%;align-items:center;gap:.32em;font-size:clamp(1.5rem,3.4cqi,2.5rem);font-weight:700;line-height:1;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.ft-logo{flex:none;block-size:.92em;inline-size:.92em}[dir=rtl] .ft-wordmark,[lang=ar] .ft-wordmark{transform-origin:100% 100%;font-family:var(--font-arabic-display);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);text-transform:none;font-size:calc(1.12*clamp(1.5rem,3.4cqi,2.5rem));line-height:1.3}.ft-wordmark.is-hover{color:var(--c-spot)}.ft-what{font-size:var(--fs-sm);color:var(--c-ink-muted);align-items:baseline;gap:.7em;margin-block-start:var(--space-3);font-weight:400;display:flex}.ft-mark{background-color:var(--c-spot);flex:none;block-size:.55em;inline-size:.55em;font-size:1em}[dir=rtl] .ft-what,[lang=ar] .ft-what{font-size:calc(var(--fs-sm) * 1.06)}.ft-nav ul{align-items:center;gap:var(--space-3) var(--space-5);flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex}.ft-nav a{padding-block:var(--space-2);font-size:var(--fs-label);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-label);text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--c-ink-muted);transition:color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;display:block;position:relative}.ft-nav a:after{content:"";inline-size:0;block-size:var(--hairline);background-color:var(--c-spot);transition:inline-size var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-out);position:absolute;inset-block-end:calc(var(--space-2) - .15rem);inset-inline-start:0}.ft-nav a:is(:hover,:focus-visible,.is-hover,.is-focus){color:var(--c-ink)}.ft-nav a:is(:hover,:focus-visible,.is-hover,.is-focus):after,.ft-nav a[aria-current=page]:after{inline-size:100%}.ft-nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--c-ink)}[dir=rtl] .ft-nav a,[lang=ar] .ft-nav a{font-family:var(--font-arabic);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-normal);text-transform:none;font-size:.8125rem}.ft-meta{justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:var(--space-2) var(--space-5);font-size:var(--fs-sm);color:var(--c-ink-muted);flex-wrap:wrap;margin-block-start:clamp(1.75rem,4cqi,3rem);display:flex}[dir=rtl] .ft-meta,[lang=ar] .ft-meta{font-size:calc(var(--fs-sm) * 1.06)}.ft-copy,.ft-mail{font-size:1em}.ft-mail{color:var(--c-ink-muted);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:var(--hairline);text-decoration-color:var(--c-line-strong);text-underline-offset:.22em;transition:color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out), text-decoration-color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out)}.ft-mail:is(:hover,:focus-visible,.is-hover,.is-focus){color:var(--c-ink);text-decoration-color:var(--c-spot)}.ft-wordmark:focus-visible,.ft-wordmark.is-focus,.ft-nav a:focus-visible,.ft-nav a.is-focus,.ft-mail:focus-visible,.ft-mail.is-focus{outline:2px solid var(--c-focus);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:var(--radius-xs)}@container (width<=42rem){.ft-top{align-items:stretch;gap:var(--space-5);flex-direction:column}.ft-nav a{padding-block:var(--space-3)}.ft-nav a:after{inset-block-end:calc(var(--space-3) - .15rem)}}@keyframes ft-fade{0%{opacity:0}}@keyframes ft-impression{0%{opacity:0;color:var(--c-ink-faint);transform:scale(1.06)}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.ft-anim .ft:not(.is-in) .ft-what,.ft-anim .ft:not(.is-in) .ft-nav,.ft-anim .ft:not(.is-in) .ft-meta{opacity:0}.ft-anim .ft:not(.is-in) .ft-wordmark{opacity:0;color:var(--c-ink-faint);transform:scale(1.06)}.ft-anim .ft.is-in .ft-what{animation:ft-fade .4s var(--ease-out) calc(var(--d,0s) + 0s) both}.ft-anim .ft.is-in .ft-nav{animation:ft-fade .4s var(--ease-out) calc(var(--d,0s) + .12s) both}.ft-anim .ft.is-in .ft-meta{animation:ft-fade .4s var(--ease-out) calc(var(--d,0s) + .22s) both}.ft-anim .ft.is-in .ft-wordmark{animation:ft-impression .7s var(--ease-emph) calc(var(--d,0s) + .36s) both}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.ft-anim .ft .ft-wordmark,.ft-anim .ft .ft-what,.ft-anim .ft .ft-nav,.ft-anim .ft .ft-meta{opacity:1!important;animation:none!important;transform:none!important}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.ft-anim .ft-rm .ft-wordmark,.ft-anim .ft-rm .ft-what,.ft-anim .ft-rm .ft-nav,.ft-anim .ft-rm .ft-meta{opacity:1!important;animation:none!important;transform:none!important}}html[data-lang=en] [data-loc=ar],html[data-lang=ar] [data-loc=en]{display:none}html{scroll-padding-block-start:calc(var(--bar-h) + var(--space-4))}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){html.np-exit:after{content:"";z-index:200;background-color:var(--c-bg);pointer-events:none;animation:np-cover .3s var(--ease-out) both;position:fixed;inset:0}html.np-enter:after{content:"";z-index:200;background-color:var(--c-bg);pointer-events:none;animation:np-pull .3s var(--ease-out) both;position:fixed;inset:0}}@keyframes np-cover{0%{transform:translateY(100%)}}@keyframes np-pull{to{transform:translateY(-100%)}}@media (hover:hover) and (pointer:fine) and (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.sw-all{transform:translate(var(--mag-x,0px), var(--mag-y,0px));transition:transform .24s var(--ease-out)}.cc-cta{transform:translate(var(--mag-x,0px), var(--mag-y,0px));transition:background-color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out), transform .24s var(--ease-out)}.cp-submit{transform:translate(var(--mag-x,0px), var(--mag-y,0px));transition:background-color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out), color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-in-out), transform .24s var(--ease-out)}.sw-all-arrow,.cc-cta-arrow,.cp-submit-arrow{translate:var(--mag-lag-x,0px) var(--mag-lag-y,0px);transition:transform var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-out), translate .44s var(--ease-out)}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){:where(html[data-theme-flip]) *,:where(html[data-theme-flip]) :before,:where(html[data-theme-flip]) :after{transition:background-color .26s var(--ease-in-out), color .26s var(--ease-in-out), border-color .26s var(--ease-in-out), outline-color .26s var(--ease-in-out), text-decoration-color .26s var(--ease-in-out), fill .26s var(--ease-in-out)}}.skip-link{z-index:calc(var(--header-z,50) + 10);border-radius:var(--radius-sm);background:var(--c-ink);color:var(--c-bg);font-size:var(--fs-sm);transform:translateY(calc(-100% - var(--space-3)));transition:transform var(--dur-fast) var(--ease-out);padding:.6em 1.1em;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;position:fixed;inset-block-start:var(--space-3);inset-inline-start:var(--space-3)}.skip-link:focus{outline:2px solid var(--c-focus);outline-offset:3px;transform:none}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.skip-link{transition:none}}